Skin is the largest organ of our bodies that provides the outer covering for our bodies and protects us from heat, light, injury and infection. The skin regulates our body temperature by releasing fluids to cool us.
Our skin stores water, fat and vitamin D, all things we need to survive and live.
There are a number of conditions that can change the look and the condition of the skin. Some of the common skin diseases are mentioned below.
Acne Vulgaris
Acne is a common skin disorder. It consists of blackheads, whiteheads, red spots, and sometimes nodules or cysts. It mostly troubles the teenagers but adults of age 30 and 40 may also be affected by acne. Research states that when hormone levels increase during puberty, the skin reacts by producing excess oils. The bacteria on the skin alter these oils to produce substances that cause acne.
Freckles
Freckles are small pale brown spots with poorly defined margins. These spots generally appear during childhood and in people with fair skin complexion. Sun exposure may darken these facial spots. People suffering from freckles should avoid sunlight exposure and should use sunscreen on regular basis. It will help to reduce pigmentation.
Psoriasis
Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease. It is distinguished by an augmented rate of skin cell turnover resulting in thick scales appearing on the skin. The affected skin becomes dry and unpleasant. In hot and humid climate itchiness is also felt. Studies show that genetic predisposition, and complex interaction with environmental factors may cause the appearance of psoriasis.
Post-Inflammatory Pigmentation
It is a discoloration that is left on the skin after an original skin disease has healed. The original skin disease may be trauma, skin infection, eczema or a drug reaction. Generally people with dark skin face intense condition than the people with fair skin. The pigmentation tends to clear over a period of months. Patient should avoid frequent rubbing and sunlight exposure.
Contact Allergy
Contact allergy is an allergic skin reaction which is the result of contact with a substance that is usually harmless to others. The common symptom of this allergy is itchy rash that develops over a few days, after skin contact with a substance. The affected area first becomes itchy, then red and swollen with water bubbles. Sometimes rash can spread to other parts of the body. Occasionally the rash is more unceasing visible as an itchy patch that does not heal for weeks or even months.
Drug Allergy
Drug allergy is an unwanted side effect of drugs or medication that are ingested or injected into sufferer's body. Such reactions can affect the skin and internal organs of the body. The sufferer must recognize the drugs that he is allergic to, because drug allergy reactions can be life-threatening. Those drugs should be avoided permanently. Drugs can also cause adverse reactions in other ways e.g. pigmentation, hair loss, vomiting, diarrhoea etc.
Molluscum Contagiosum
This skin infection is caused by a pox virus and is common in children. It is transmitted by skin contact with an infected person. The infection presents as small discrete, round, pearly-white growths on the skin. There may be single or multiple growths on the skin. These growths are usually symptomless. Common sites of infection are the eyelids, neck, trunk and anogenital area.
Melasma
Melasma consists of brown spots/patches on both sides of the face, especially on the cheeks, upper lips, nose and chin. The distribution is usually equal. The sun light exposure darkens the color in during this condition. Melasma tends to occur during pregnancy and with the use of oral contraceptives. Regular use of sunscreen and avoiding sun exposure can make a positive difference in the condition. The complete treatment of Melasma can take several months.
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